ADHD - An article by Rachel Olis from Children's of Alabama

ADHD is a common behavioral disorder that affects an estimated 8 to 10 percent of
school-age children. Boys are about three times more likely than girls to be
diagnosed with it, though it's not yet understood why.
“Kids with ADHD act without thinking, are hyperactive and have trouble focusing,
says Dr. Gigi Youngblood, a pediatrician at Children’s of Alabama. “They may
understand what's expected of them but have trouble following through because they
can't sit still, pay attention or attend to details.”
Of course, all kids (especially younger ones) act this way at times, particularly
when they're anxious or excited. But the difference with ADHD is that symptoms are
present over a longer period of time and occur in different settings. They impair a
child's ability to function socially, academically, and at home.
The good news is that with proper treatment, kids with ADHD can learn to
successfully live with and manage their symptoms.
Diagnosis
Because there's no test that can determine the presence of ADHD, a diagnosis depends
on a complete evaluation. Many children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD are
evaluated and treated by primary care doctors including pediatricians and family
practitioners, but your child may also be referred to one of several different
specialists (psychiatrists, psychologists, neurologists) especially when the
diagnosis is in doubt, or if there are other concerns, such as Tourette syndrome, a
learning disability, anxiety or depression.
Treating ADHD
ADHD can't be cured, but it can be successfully managed. Your child's doctor will work
with you to develop an individualized, long-term plan. The goal is to help a child
learn to control his or her own behavior and to help families create an atmosphere
in which this is most likely to happen.
In most cases, ADHD is best treated with a combination of medication and
behavior therapy. Any good treatment plan will require close follow-up and
monitoring, and your doctor may make adjustments along the way. Because it's
important for parents to actively participate in their child's treatment plan,
parent education is also considered an important part of ADHD management.
Sometimes the symptoms of ADHD become less severe as a person grows older.
Hyperactivity tends to get less as people grow up, although the problems with
organization and attention often remain. More than half of kids who have ADHD
will continue to have symptoms as young adults
Behavioral Therapy
Research has shown that medications used to help curb impulsive behavior and
attention difficulties are more effective when combined with behavioral therapy.
Here are examples of behavioral strategies that may help a child with ADHD:
Create a routine.Try to follow the same schedule every day, from wake-up time
to bedtime. Post the schedule in a prominent place, so your child can see
what's expected throughout the day and when it's time for homework, play, and
chores.
Get organized. Put schoolbags, clothing, and toys in the same place every day
so your child will be less likely to lose them.
Avoid distractions.Turn off the TV, radio, and computer games, especially when
your child is doing homework.
Limit choices. Offer a choice between two things (this outfit, meal, toy, etc.,
or that one) so that your child isn't overwhelmed and overstimulated.
Change your interactions with your child.Instead of long-winded explanations
and cajoling, use clear, brief directions to remind your child of
responsibilities.
Use goals and rewards. Use a chart to list goals and track positive behaviors,
then reward your child's efforts. Be sure the goals are realistic (think baby
steps rather than overnight success).
Discipline effectively.Instead of yelling or spanking, use timeouts or removal
of privileges as consequences for inappropriate behavior. Younger kids may
simply need to be distracted or ignored until they display better behavior.
Help your child discover a talent.All kids need to experience success to feel
good about themselves. Finding out what your child does well — whether its
sports, art, or music — can boost social skills and self-esteem.
Helping Your Child
You're a stronger advocate for your child when you foster good partnerships
with everyone involved in your child's treatment — that includes teachers,
doctors, therapists, and even other family members. Take advantage of all the
support and education that's available, and you'll help your child navigate
toward success.
For more information on this or other health and safety topics,
visitwww.childrensal.org.